High Middle Ages

1000: The Aurelian Dynasty starts off with Sylvester Aurelius enters the throne.
1003: The invasion of Burgundy by France rules that Burgundy must be partitioned and that the former Alps provinces belong to Rome.
1011: The Roman army first uses Norman mercenaries according to a decree of Sylvester Aurelius.
1018: Basil the Great completes his conquest of Bulgaria. 
1020: The Canon of Medicine was written by Avicenna, a Persian Muslim scholar.
1029: Sylvester Aurelius dies. Verulius Aurelianus accedes the throne.
1040: An early medical book Practica, was written by Petrocellus of Italy.
1050: Normans penetrate to England

1054: The Great Schism happened in which the Western (Roman Catholic) and Eastern (Greek Orthodox) churches split from each other. It was when Pope Leo IX and Michael Cerularius excommunicated each other.
1054: Expansion of trade links between Italy and Egypt begin.
1056: Marius Tullius accedes to the Imperial throne.
1058: The building of the Cathedral of Parma begins at the accession of Marius Tullius.
1062: Marius Tullius succeeds in reconquering Toletum after a 14-month seige of the city.
1063: The construction of the Pisa Cathedral begins.
1066: Romanesque architecture invented.
1070: Start of preparations of the Roman-Almohad war, which would be a full-scale battle to recover Carthage.
1071: The Battle of Manzikert ends in defeat for the Byzantine Empire. 
1073: The Romans under the command of Sergius Fixtus and Marius Tullius reconquered the city of Viriathus.

Part 1: Early Middle Ages

568: Start of the arrival of the Lombards.

580's: Poverty and depopulation begin to ravage Italy. Social problems are rampant during this time period in which people . Many had began to complain the ineffectiveness of the military government and the lack of soldiers available to defeat the Lombards.

590's: Struggle for self-rule became evident during the riots in Rome and Ravenna on the night of August 5 and 6.

592: Emperor Phocas begins retaliating of government dissidents by reducing trade to Italy.

610: Emperor Heraclius is crowned, the official language of the empire is changed to Greek in which it was an unpopular decision for people living in the western provinces.

612: Roman politician and general Tiberias Aquilius appeals about the language change and the miserable life of the Romans. Heraclius dismisses these claims. Others are still protesting for change in Rome.
614: Mass migration begins for the Ostrogothic people who were escorted out of their land.

616: The Exarchate of Italy began to be cut off from Constantinople, which rose on Latin nationalism. The citizens believed that they were being treated like second-class citizens to the Vandals.

617: The Lombards, although enemies at first, decided to join the cause in defeating the Byzantine Empire.

618: Through successful diplomatic talks, the Visigoths also joined in the rebellion .

620: An armed insurrection was staged by the Western rebels that resulted in a crushing defeat for the Byzantine Empire.

622: Independence for the Roman Empire was declared in which Tiberias Aquilius became the new Emperor or Head of Government. The Head of State was Pope Bonifacius Quintilius. The Visigothic Kingdom was also part of the new state as well.

623: Diplomatic relations were restored between Rome and Byzantium.

624: Ethnogenesis of the Roman people. Tiberias attempted to unite the Roman people together for the first time under a single nationality and culture.

625: Rome's population grows to 40,000 and has partially restored most of her infrastructure.

630: Rome begins a campaign to recapture the islands of Corsica and Sardinia. A force of 10,000 landed in Aleria and another force landed in Caralis (Cagliari). 

631: The entire island of Corsica was occupied following the battle of Bastia. The last Byzantine soldiers leave to North Africa.

632: The entire island of Sardinia was occupied following the mass surrender and fall of Olbia. Roman sodiers come to the islands to occupy it.

632: The Romans commence diplomatic relations with the Burgundian Kingdom. 

650: First arrival of the Slavs to the borderlands. Through successful diplomatic talks, the Romans asked them to cross the Sava. They were refugees from the Avar invasions. This is unlike the invasion of the Byzantine Empire by Bulgaria.

650: The Romans declare war against the Avars due to their raids against the Dalmatian borderlands.

652: After two years of fighting, the Romans finally won the war and expanded their borders from the Sava to the Drava. The Romans subsequently built fortifications at the Drava river in order for it to be better defended.

655: The Romans begin diplomatic relations with the Avar Khaganate.

Territorial annexed by Rome by 652 A.D.

708-711: Civil unrest begins in Southern Hispania of a dispute over taxation and poverty. A conspiracy over the reestablishment of the Byzantine province of Spania triggers a civil war over its Greek inhabitants.

711-714: The Muslim Army crossed the Gibraltar and defeated the Romans at the decisive battle of Gades (Cadiz) in 712. During these invasions, many of the inhabitants in Southern Hispania had fled to the hills instead. The Basque region was overran in 714 as well.

718: A local general Pelagius I defeats a Muslim army near Covadonga and were able to ambush the Muslim detachment. The Roman Kingdom of Asturias-Gallaecia was declared as well. The city of Legio was captured after a 4 month siege.

721: The cities of Salamanca and Segovia were captured shortly after.

730: Iconoclasm starts at the Byzantine Empire when Leo III the Isaurian removes an image of Christ at the Chalke Gate of the Palace of Constantinople. This triggers a diplomatic crisis with the Roman Empire.

731: The city of Toletum (Toledo) is captured.

732: Diplomatic relations in the Byzantine Empire were cut due to this crisis.

733: Diplomatic relations commence between Rome and the Frankish Kingdom. The two countries signed a defensive alliance in order to stop the advance of Islam.

766: The Septimanian Dynasty begins with the accession of Aemilius the Great.

785: Charlemagne begins a series of campaigns that would recapture most of Northern Hispania. They also subsequently captured Girona  as well.

795: Frankish influence was extended into the south of the Pyrenees, creating the March of Hispania.

797: The city of Barcelona, the greatest city in the region, was captured after a 4 month siege.

799: Diplomatic talks for Rome and the Frankish Kingdom to be merged as one country. All of the conquered parts of the Spanish March were given back to Rome. For the first time in 81 years, Hispania.

800: Charlemagne was crowned during Christmas day and the personal union between Rome and the Frankish Empire was in effect. The Aemilian-Carolingian Renaissance begins at this time period.

801: Aemilius promotes education reform within the Empire and strengthens literacy within the empire.

806: Aemilius opens up language schools that standardizes the Latin language after regulation had been lost all the time.

809: The City of Tarraco was taken from the Moors.

811: The City of Valencia was captured after a 10-month siege. This marks the last of the Moorish campaigns for Charlemagne.

814: Death of Charlemagne.

816: Death of Aemilius the Great. This marks the end of the Aemilian-Carolingian Rennaisance. The new emperor Philopater Septimanius was crowned. He works with Louis the Pious for struggle to control the empire.

817: Louis the Pious divides his kingdom among his three sons. Pepin was made King of West Francia, Lothair was made King of Middle Francia, and Louis the German was made King of East Francia.

823: Charles the Bald, his fourth son from a second marriage, was brought into the dispute, thus sparking a civil war.

826: The city of Moguntiacum had been captured by Pepin, thus dissolving Middle Francia. Lothair dies.

831: Unfair of the gains, the armies of Charles the Bald gains the upper hand in the battle of Aurelianum that claimed Aquitania.

835: A peace treaty was made to the family, and Louis the German was restored to the imperial throne.

838: When Pepin died, Louis crowned Charles king of West Francia. 

840: Lothair claimed the entire empire irrespective of the partitions when Louis the Pious died.

841: Lothair loses to Charles and Louis the German in the battle of Fontenay.

843: Philopater and the rulers of the respective kingdoms sign a peace treaty called the Treaty of Verdun. Lothair received Middle Francia. Louis was granted East Francia. Charles received West Francia. West Francia was considered a de facto part of the realm. The civil war finally ends.

844: Lothair handed over Middle Francia to his son Louis II when he retired.

846: Muslim armies unsuccessfully stormed the city walls, but St. Peter's and St. Paul's were looted.

850: A medical school is opened in Salernum, Italy, attracting Greek, Jewish, Roman, and Arabic students.

855: Lothair dies, dividing his kingdom into two parts. In addition to the territory Louis II had received, Charles the Burgundy received Burgundy. Philopater dies that year, replaced by a new Emperor Hadrian Septimanius.

858: Following the death of his father, Louis II, not having received additional territory, allied with his uncle Louis the German against his brother Lothair and his uncle Charles the Bald. They reconciled shortly after.

860: Charles the Bald unsuccessfully invaded the Kingdom of Burgundy.

863: Charles the Burgundy dies and his kingdom was inherited by Louis II. Meanwhile, the cities of Murtea and Carthago Nova were recaptured from the Moors.

869: Louis II died without any legitimate heirs and his kingdom was divided between Charles the Bald and Louis the German by the Treaty of Meersen.

875: Lothair II died and his kingdom was inherited by his successor Carloman. Charles the Bald was crowned German Emperor.

877: Death of Charles the Bald and was succeeded by his son Louis the Stammerer, King of the Western Franks

878: Louis the Stammerer died and Louis III gained Neustria and Francia and Carloman gained Aquitania and Burgundy.

880: Hadrian Septimanius dies. Emperor Drusus Septimanius accedes the throne.

880-882: Viking Raids devastate Hispania.

881: Charles the Fat was crowned Frankish emperor in 881 and was the last person to rule the entire Frankish realm.

882: Rome goes to war on Hungary over a border dispute of the Pannonian basin. It went on for about a year with the Magyars given an upper hand. A peace treaty was signed in 883 to let the Magyars settle in the Pannonian basin.

885-886: The Frankish realms suffers from Viking invasions, in which many buildings were looted. An army led by General Paulus Romus defeated the Vikings at the Battle of Normandy in 886.

888: The Frankish realms officially split from the Roman Empire under the Treaty of Marseille due to stability and sovereignty differences, with new nations formed such as France, Burgundy, and the German Empire. The treaty also ceded Septimania to France to give them a coastline.

890-895: The Roman Empire had been greatly affected by Magyar raids in which they cause great damage to Dalmatia, Northern, and Southern Italy.

895: The Hungarian state was formed and the Roman Empire formally recognized Hungary. The country also dropped claims to the Pannonian basin and peace was settled.

898: Drusus Septimanius dies, and is subsequently replaced by Emperor Aemilius III Septimanius.

900's: During the rule of Aemilius III Septimanius, he attempted to restore trade in many parts of his empire. During that time period, cities such as Barcelona, Genoa, and Venetia become powerful trading centers. He also starts trade relations with Burgundy and the Vikings as well.

902: The armies of Aemilius III Septimanius stopped an army from invading Sicily.

905: The city of Cuenca was captured after a 10 month siege in which the city was sacked and the Moors surrender.

910: Magyar raids have become an increasing problem for Rome. This means that they would have to heavily fortify Dalmatia and Northern Italy.

919: A peace treaty called the Treaty of Taurinorum (Turin) had been signed for peace with Hungary.

935: Aemilius III dies and is succeeded by Mauritius Septimanius.

950: A medical school is opened in Salernum, Italy, attracting Greek, Jewish, Roman, and Arabic students.

952: An important city of Toletum of Hispania was recaptured after a two-year siege. This puts a halt to many Reconquista campaigns.

955: Trade relations start with the German Empire and the Brenner Pass was reopened.

965-967: The armies of Cassius II had overthrown attempted Byzantine invasions of Dalmatia and Southern Italy.

967: Emperor Mauritius dies, and is succeeded by Alphonsus.